Bloating is a feeling of fullness, pressure or swelling in the abdomen. It is common and often settles on its own, but repeated or persistent bloating can have several causes and deserves a closer look.
Common reasons for bloating
Gas can build up when you swallow air, drink fizzy beverages or eat quickly. Constipation can also cause bloating. For some people, symptoms are linked with irritable bowel syndrome, coeliac disease or an intolerance to particular foods.
A useful first step is to notice patterns without assuming that one food is responsible. Record when symptoms occur, what you ate and drank, bowel changes, medicines and any other symptoms. This can make a discussion with your GP or dietitian more useful.
Simple changes to try
- Eat at a comfortable pace and chew food well.
- Reduce fizzy drinks and chewing gum if they seem to increase symptoms.
- Drink enough water and address constipation with appropriate advice.
- Keep meals regular and use gentle movement, such as walking, if it feels comfortable.
Avoid cutting out several food groups without guidance. Restrictive diets can make it harder to meet nutritional needs and may delay diagnosis. A low-FODMAP approach can help some people with irritable bowel syndrome, but it is designed as a short, structured process with reintroduction and is best supervised by an accredited practising dietitian.
What about complementary care?
People sometimes use acupuncture, herbal medicine or probiotics for digestive symptoms. Responses vary, and these approaches should not replace assessment when symptoms are ongoing. Tell your practitioner and GP about any herbs or supplements you use because they can interact with medicines or may not be suitable during pregnancy or for certain health conditions.
When to seek medical advice
Arrange a medical review if bloating is frequent, worsening or does not settle. Seek prompt advice if it comes with ongoing diarrhoea or vomiting, severe or persistent abdominal pain, blood in the stool, a change in bowel habits, fever, loss of appetite, feeling full very quickly or unintentional weight loss.
Call triple zero (000) for severe symptoms or a medical emergency.
Further information
This article provides general information and is not a substitute for individual medical advice.